After Reading “The Nightingale and the Rose”

â€Å"The Nightingale and the Rose† Oscar Wilde Topic: What do you think about the statement: â€Å"Life is very dear to all† Almost people realize that life is really marvellous when they are in the boundary between life and death. Even the nightingale could see so clearly that she cried â€Å"Life is very dear to all† as she knew the price that she had to pay for getting a red rose.In the nightingale’s eyes, life gives her a large number of nice things such as watching the golden Sun, the pearly Moon and the natural sweet. People do not have the good sense of those like the bird. However, they know that love is one of the most beautiful given things. That is a long-lasting and great relationship in the bird’s thought. Because of this, she was willing to give up her life to bring the Student a gift which would make him happily.The birth’s death to have a red rose seems to be the thing that life gave to the Student. Thanks to the bird, he had a rose to give to his loved girl. â€Å"Life is really dear to all† is the statement that leads people to many thoughts. Life is not nice all the times. In another words, it gives people a lot of drawbacks. However, each day is an unforgettable moment, and each disadvantage is a lesson to help people become more mature. â€Å"Life is really dear to all† when people are contented with all they have now.

A detective story written by Conan Doyle Essay

Baskerville and his companions later on meet a friend, who tells the about a convicted murder called Seldon, escaping from prison and being loose upon the moor. Seldon is part of the atmosphere in Dartmoor. Seldon is described as being â€Å"fiendish† and having a heart full of â€Å"malignancy†, which links him to the Hound, a creature known to kill the Baskerville family. The hound is also loose in Dartmoor. The Hound and Seldon bring a menacing, and deadly atmosphere to Dartmoor. In the distance, clearly visible was a â€Å"mounted soldier† holding a â€Å"rifle†. The soldier is an example of the symbol used in the setting. Soldiers carrying rifles have connotations of dark, menace, and death. These descriptions together with the moor give a forbidding atmosphere, preparing readers for forthcoming, menacing events. Baskerville had travelled across Dartmoor, and now had an exterior view of Baskerville Hall. As he walked in he noticed the decaying gates made of granite. Granite has connotations of darkness, hard, and black, suggesting Baskerville has a dark decaying family. This is true, as he is the only Baskerville remaining. They later enter a tunnel, increasing the darkness of the atmosphere. â€Å"The house glimmered like a ghost†, suggests the supernatural, and death. This is symbolic for the death of those who lived in the house. The descriptive words â€Å"dark veil†, â€Å"dull light†, and â€Å"black granite† all indicate the darkness and gloominess of Baskerville Hall. This raises a sinister, forbidding, and menacing atmosphere. Baskerville adds to the frightening atmosphere by saying â€Å"its enough to scare off a man†. The walls of the rooms were made from age-blackened oak, which also suggests darkness, and adds to the menace of the atmosphere. Conan Doyle obviously intended the atmosphere of the book to be a menacing one, and he did an excellent job in my opinion. The excellent description of setting in his books is one of the reasons why his books are so popular.

Education of Police Officers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Education of Police Officers - Essay Example While many of these skills can be learned on the street in the day-to-day execution of their job, many of them are more easily acquired in a formal classroom setting. A college education would not only benefit the individual officer, it would also give the public an increased perception in regards to the professionalism of the police. Police work today is far more scientifically based than it was in the past. Police officers are continually challenged to keep current in the areas of "technical support, forensic science, fraud investigation, and high tech crime" (Fleming and Wood, 2006, p.262). This knowledge is applied from the moment the police begin to analyze a crime to the time they are preserving a crime scene and collecting evidence. The science of DNA, the expanded technical databases available, and new analytical techniques require the police officer to enter into a lifetime of learning. In addition to the pragmatic side of police work that entails collecting and analyzing the evidence, there is the human contact that officers must constantly confront. In many ways, and in many situations, the police officer needs to act almost as a psychologist. Whether they are trying to defuse a tense situation or attempting to get a suspect to talk, a knowledge of psychology can make them more effective.

A Competence of Children Safeguarding Service Research Paper

A Competence of Children Safeguarding Service - Research Paper Example Since many of the managers from the established management team have been working in their departments for over 30 years, there has been much resistance on their part when it comes to implementing changes within their organization. In fact, I have been considered a threat to these managers. The Operations Manager, for instance, feels that change within her organization is absolutely unnecessary since they have gotten positive feedback regarding their services in the past. However, after assessing the performance of all the managers, I have found out that there are indeed a number of problems that need to be addressed. These are namely, 1) Poor response or lack response, 2) poor information systems, 3) lack of support and training for managers and staff members, 4) poor and infrequent supervision, 5) the failure to implement policies and procedures, 6) poor structures within services, 5) infrastructure is fragmented and disorganized. This report shall provide information pertaining to implementing change within an organization and managing members of the staff, especially with regards to introducing change. I shall also make references to the current issues when it comes to safeguarding children social workers undertaking child protection services. Clearly, considering that the managers are not welcoming change within their organization as they should, there is a need for this report in order to provide information regarding appropriate human resource management, organizational culture, and organizational behavior.   I have decided to use journals as sources, as well as articles from the Internet and books.

Evaluate the current uses of 3D printing. Discuss the potential future Essay - 3

Evaluate the current uses of 3D printing. Discuss the potential future of 3D printing based on current issues identified in the literature - Essay Example e that people will have the ability to print their desired objects, if not from the comfort of their homes, then from places nearest them such as from street shops and offices. This revolution will create huge economic and societal benefits, if the challenges surrounding the ideas were addressed. THESIS: While critically evaluating the current state of 3D printing and its future, this essay will address the challenges the idea faces and it’s potential in revolutionizing lives if these challenges are addressed. 3D printing is a manufacturing process that builds objects based on a layer-by-layer model with the help of cross-sectional slices. They use the traditional laser or ink jet printers to pour liquid plastic to an already created digital object on a computer to make the final object. However, instead of using the multi-cultured ink, 3D printer uses powder, which when piled together in form of layers creates an object (Bak, 2003). There are speculations that when more user-friendly robotic makers hit the market, more people will buy them. 4. Apparel manufacturing has also embraced 3D printing, with fashion designers using the technology to design bikinis, shoes, and dresses. For instance, Nike used 3D to prototype and manufacture shoes for the 2012 Vapor Laser Talon football shoes used by players in the American football league. Some companies are also using 3D printing to design eyewear for customers on demand (Urry & Birtchnell, 2013). 5. The automobile industry has also embraced the use of the technology, with car manufacturers using 3D printing to manufacture various car parts. Among these, include the side mirror internals, air ducts, exhaust components, as well as turbo charger components. 6. The construction industry has also embraced the concept as architects now print prototypes of buildings for their clients’ representative of the real buildings. Because customers want to see the actual building on air before the actual construction, then such

Heraclitus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Heraclitus - Essay Example These fragments covered various notions that humans go by in their daily lives and put them in a philosophical manner showing the social stature of each. The fragments are over one hundred and they assist individuals learn how to counter some of life issues. The fundamental of the fragments is ensuring that there exists co-existence of different people without change affecting their living or rather their manner of operation (Russell 56). The doctrine of flux is a principle that seeks to show the manner of thinking portrayed by Heraclitus. According to him, everything is subject to change and this change happens every time and in different places. An analogical expression of the doctrine assists in understanding it further. A flux is generally a flow and this is characteristic of change. Just like the way a river flows and water in it does not remain in one position, so is the case for life. The reason is that change happens consistently and various things do not remain in the same position. To understand the famous river fragment by Heraclitus, an individual ought to view this from a literal view where there is the understanding of the various concepts brought out in the fragment. The part where he states that it is impossible for a person to step twice in a river is meant to show that the part of the river that the person steps on is not the same one that he will step on if he decides to step in the river again. This is because that part of the river has already gone and finding it in the same place again is impossible. This is to illustrate the fact that things in this life are subject to change such as that part of the river that cannot be found in the initial location again. He however states that despite the change that takes place within the river, itself it does not change and remains constant (Kahn 89). Another point that he states is that it is impossible to capture something in its stable condition given the fact that it is immortal. This shows the

Is There Enough Food to Go Around Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Is There Enough Food to Go Around - Essay Example Abundance best describes the quantity of food supply in the world today. The rate of food production has increased tremendously (Einarsson, n. pag). Despite having enough food for everybody on earth, unfortunately, some people still go hungry. This is extremely shocking more so in the developing countries where hunger is being experienced in the face of ample amount of food. It is noted that even the countries that are considered the most devastated by hunger do have enough for all its citizens. If these countries export more of their agricultural products than they do import, then they end up suffering from food insecurity (www.whale.to). The world today has demonstrated over-reliance on corn as a source of calories. Corns are used in preparing almost every single diet in the menu. Additionally, it has proved to be the most productive crop across the world. Its seeds are edible while its stalks are detrimental in generation of biogas, feeding animals and manures. This simply tells us that we cannot do without it in everyday part of our lives. Therefore, corn meals become part of daily human diet. The overdependence on this crop has led to the development of genetically modified corn to speed up the production so that it can match the demands globally. Genetically modified products are associated with health problems hence corns that are modified are not good for human health if over consumed. With increased production, the environment becomes over utilized leading to nutrient depletion in the soil (Misselhorn et al.,

Assessing functional status Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assessing functional status - Essay Example The ambulatory status is done to determine the patient’s mobility capability. The assessing physician should check if the patient uses a wheel chair, a cane or prosthetic devices for movement. If otherwise he should establish whether the ability is excellent, good or fair by checking the ease with the patient can climb stairs. The ability of the senses often range from excellent to poor beyond which specific descriptions are employed. In the case of hearing ability the other options are either deaf or use of hearing aids. When assessing vision, the patient should either be using glasses, contacts or is blind. Cataracts, glaucoma, DM retinopathy and Macular degeneration also form part of the scoring system. The assessment of speech is aimed at recognizing speech problems such as verbal apraxia, Aphasia, Dysphonia and abnormal tongue and lip movements. Ill-fitting dentures too are checked. Touch is scored in terms of normal sensitivity, decreased sensitivity or numbness to temperature. Smell and taste sensitivity cannot be described as excellent, good or fair. It is either having no problem or is changed. The checking physician notes down the changes in the score card. Assessing functional status of a patient is important in many occasions. According to Preeti (2009), one situation where it is necessary is a patient is about to undergo an operation. In most cases, the results of the assessment are compared with the possible outcomes of the operation. Pre-operation functional status assessment is aimed at identifying the impairment. It is reported that most patients who after operations develop delirium depression and general inability to recover had functional and cognitive impairments which were not considered before operation. Under this situation, the studies would have helped prevent postoperative health decline in the adults (Preeti, 2009). Generally, geriatric assessment is necessary in determining a patient’s functional

The Influence of Art in Fashion Essay Example for Free

The Influence of Art in Fashion Essay Fashion is a state of mind. A spirit, an extension of ones self. Fashion talks, it can be an understated whisper, a high-energy scream or an all knowing wink and a smile. Principally fashion is about being comfortable with what you are, translating self-esteem into a personal style. Furthermore, art and design were more directly tied at the turn of the twentieth century than they are these days. Artists did not see the dissimilarity among creating an original work of art, such as a painting, and designing a textile pattern that would be reproduced numerous times over. Each was a valid creative act in their eyes. From earliest times, man has changed his clothing often. A phenomenon known as fashion sprang up thousands of years ago. Men and women have tried to wear new things, dissimilar things, clothes that would amaze people or frighten others. To give these people new clothes, other people had to have new ideas, creativity and so were born the first fashion designer around 5,000 years ago. Fashion itself has served as a canvas of purpose for thousands of years. From the delicately gilded armor of crusaders long deceased to the red or blue handkerchiefs that designate gang connection nowadays, fashion has expressed all emotion known to man, yet none so persuasively as conflict. Perhaps the expressions against complacency that are obvious in art are making their way into the world of fashion in preparation for another conflict of sorts, one in which individuals are railing against the societal injustices and political malfeasance of the day. In the late 1920s, a new modernized design aesthetic dubbed Moderne (now known as Art Deco) combined Cubism’s geometric base with supple embellishments. Once more, textile patterns and fashion design echoed the trend. Shiny fabrics merely enhanced the connection with the speed of modern life–and art. The dresses, coats, bathing suits, and evening wraps found in the Tirocchi shop, when placed chronologically, chart for the observer not only the changing silhouette of fashion, nevertheless reflect the fact that fashion was part of an aesthetic that was part and parcel of its time. From the chemise and cloche of the 1920s, echoing Cubist concerns, to the evening dresses of the 1930s, with the body-skimming silhouettes and reflective surfaces, each garment has a particular relationship to the art of its time. Just as the Italian futurists and artists of the Bauhaus in the early part of this century designed clothes that reflected their artworks, so too did the geometric language of Art Deco and Cubism and the paintings of Picasso, Braque and Mondrian, serve as motivation to designers such as Elsa Schiaparelli who come to the forefront of fashion as the Art Deco style began to vanish. Furthermore, one example of art that can be seen in fashion was the collection of Judith Leiber, a leader in couture handbags. She has created more than 3,000 different designs since 1963 and every handbag showed art in very artistic way. Art and fashion have constantly shared an intertwining history and complex visual language, even though fashions influence transcends the white cube of the art gallery or museum space. The language of fashion, whether in the gallery or on the street, offers telling insights into who we were at the beginning of this century, how it has influenced us at the end of this century, and how will affect us in the one to come. In addition, fashion refers to the kinds of clothing that are in a pleasing style at a particular time. At special times in history, fashionable dress has taken extremely different forms. In modern times almost everybody follows fashion to some extent. A young woman would look unusual if she wore the clothing that her grandmother had worn when young. Nevertheless, only a small minority of people dress in the clothing that appears in high-fashion magazines or on fashion-show runways. It is not all the time simple to tell the difference between basic clothing and fashionable clothing. Particularly nowadays, fashion designers frequently use inexpensive and functional items of clothing as inspiration. Blue jeans, for example, originated as functional work clothing for miners and farmers. Yet these days, even people who dress in jeans, T-shirts, and sports clothes might be influenced by fashion. One year, fashionable jeans might have narrow legs; the next year the legs might be baggy. Fashion is art. What ever the designers made is a result of art. Moreover, fashion is something we deal with each day. Even people who say they dont care what they wear choose clothes each morning that say a lot about them and how they feel that day. One sure thing in the fashion world is change. We are continually being bombarded with new fashion ideas from music, videos, books, and television. Movies as well have a big impact on what people wear. Ray-Ban sold more sunglasses after the movie Men in Black. Occasionally a trend is world-wide. Back in the 1950s, teenagers everywhere dressed like Elvis Presley. Fashion is a way of self-expression that allows people to try on numerous roles in life. Whether you prefer hip-hop or Chanel-chic, fashion accommodate the chameleon in all of us. Its a means of celebrating the diversity and variety of the world in which we live. Fashion is about change which is essential to keep life interesting. Its as well a mirror of sorts on society. Its a method of measuring a mood that can be helpful in numerous aspects, culturally, socially even psychologically. At the same time, fashion shouldnt be taken too seriously or you lose the fun of it. Â   References: 25 most influential people in fashion, Retrieved on March 12, 2007 at http://www.time.com/time/europe/fashion/0902/influentials.html Fashion, Retrieved on March 12, 2007 at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion Fashion: A Presentation on Contemporary concepts of Art and Expression, http://www.students.sbc.edu/hart06/Fashion%20Presentation%20copy/Fashion.htm Judith Leiber, Art in hand: Retrieved on March 12, 2007 at http://www.phxart.org/exhibitions/leiber.asp

An Investigation Into the Differences Between Retail and Investment Banks Essay Example for Free

An Investigation Into the Differences Between Retail and Investment Banks Essay Over the past decades, retail banks have remained the main commercial bank for consumers, rather than corporations or other banks. The investment bank has become more popular amongst individuals, corporations and governments which are interested in raising their profits. Retail banks and investment banks have different organizational structures and activities. So they have many differences, such as services, customers and profits. And this report aims to distinguish between the retail bank and the investment bank in order to identify their specific service areas. Firstly, the author will review some literature focusing on the definitions. Secondly, the author will illustrate the differences between them from their target activities and functions. Retail banks offer a range of services to individual customers and small businesses, rather than to large companies and other banks. These include: savings and transactional accounts, mortgages, personal loans, debit cards and credit cards. An investment bank is a bank which specializes in providing funds to corporate borrowers for startup or expansion and does not accept deposits but provides services to those who offer securities to investors, and to those investors themselves. It may also assist and support companies which are involved in mergers and acquisitions, and provides ancillary services such as market making, trading of derivatives, fixed income instruments, foreign exchange, commodities, and equity securities. From the definitions above, it clearly shows that the two types of bank provide substantially different services to customers. As a normal customer, I think the retail banks are better than the investment banks. And there are three advantages of the retail banks. Firstly, the retail banks have more branches than the investment banks. For example, Lloyds TSB Bank is a retail bank in the United Kingdom, and according to Lloyds TSB website, the bank has nearly 1,900 branches across the UK. This means that you can find the branches of TSB almost everywhere. So you can deal with some normal business easily, the branches of retail banks can be found almost everywhere. For example, you want to make emergency loans, you do not have enough time to find an investment bank to make loans, so you must choose the retail banks. Moreover, the retail banks can supply some services which the investment banks do not provide. When you want to transfer from one account to another account, you can not go to the investment banks, because the investment banks do not offer this kind of service. Therefore, if you want to deal with some normal business (such as savings, mortgages and credit cards) at a bank, it would be better to choose the retail banks. The Royal Bank of Scotland is one of the retail banking is part of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group, and together with NatWest and Ulster Bank, provides branch banking facilities throughout the UK. And it can provide almost every service that the retail banks have. So it has a good reputation in Scotland. Finally, the risk of retail banks is relatively lower than the investment banks. You can get money from the rate of interest which can be higher than the other banks. Such as Barclays Corporate which belongs to the Barclays Group and provide these kinds of services (such as savings, transactional accounts, mortgages, debit cards, credit cards). It offers a service called monthly savings which is its regular savings plan that allows you to save regularly over 12 months, and you can get higher interest rates are paid where no withdrawals have been made in the previous month. This means that you can get high fixed interest of up to 3. 25% AER / 3. 20% in months when no withdrawals are made. And the revenue of the retail banks is stability and fixed. So you do not need to pay more attention to the asset in the retail banks. These advantages of the retail banks are the reasons why the retail banks are better as a normal customer. As an advanced person or a company, I think the investment banks are better. There are also many advantages of the investment banks which usually provide services for the company. First of all, most of the investment banks are global company and it can provide services more widely than the retail banks. Such as Morgan Stanley is a leading global financial services firm providing a wide range of investment banking, securities, investment management and wealth management It reports US$779 billion as assets under its management. Its headquarter located in Midtown Manhattan , New York City. It has companies in 37 countries with over 1,200 offices, employees dedicated to local businesses, government agencies, institutions and individuals. So the investment banks can provide the services (such as trading of derivatives, fixed income instruments, foreign exchange and commodities) all over the world. Secondly, the revenue of the investment banks significantly more than profit of other types of banks. If you save your extra money in the retail banks, you can only get the interest from the rates. But if you sand your money to the investment banks you can get remarkable returns although it has a high risk. For example the Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is an American investment bank and securities. And it provides mergers and acquisitions advice, underwriting services, asset management, and prime brokerage to its clients, which include corporations, governments and individuals. Amazingly, the company in US profits reached a record $ 13. 39 billion in 2010, on average common shareholders equity rate of return is 22. 5%. At last, the investment banks also can provide some special services that the retail banks do not offer. For instance, it can supply a particularly serving called â€Å"financial advice† what can make financial of a company more reasonability and determine the future line of development. UBS AG is a diversified global financial services company, with its main headquarters in Basel and Zurich, Switzerland and UBS is present in all major financial centers worldwide. With Premier Advisory Services, UBS offers you the opportunity to schedule individual one-on-one consultations with CEFS experts who understand your equity-linked compensation as an integrative part of your total wealth management, know about the different plan vehicles and can support you on issues such as How can I best align my equity-linked compensation with my total wealth management or When should I exercise, which strategy is the best.

Anticancer Efficacy of Curcumin Analysis

Anticancer Efficacy of Curcumin Analysis Nuclear factor-ÃŽ ºB (NF-ÃŽ ºB) is a transcription factor that is essential in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses.1 It influences a diverse target of gene expressions that regulate apoptosis, facilitate cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation.1,2 Before cell stimulation, NF-ÃŽ ºB dimers that are located in the cytoplasm are inactive.3 Prior to activation, NF-ÃŽ ºB dimers consisting of RelA, c-REL, and p50 are held in the cytoplasm by inhibitory ÃŽ ºB (IÃŽ ºB) proteins.3,8 The IÃŽ ºB kinase (IKK) complex is activated by various extracellular signals such as proinflammatory cytokines and viral infections.3,4 This IKK complex phosphorylates two conserved serine residues and targets NF-ÃŽ ºB-bound IÃŽ ºBs, which results in ubiquitin-mediated dissociation of IÃŽ ºB from NF-ÃŽ ºB, thus leading to translocation of activated NF-ÃŽ ºB into the nucleus.2,7 The activation of NF-ÃŽ ºB promotes tumor invasion, metastasis, and allows malignant cells to escape apoptosis. Consequently, many chemotherapeutic drugs have been found to activate NF-ÃŽ ºB, thus contributing to chemoresistance and chemotherapy failure.3 Increasing evidence suggests that, the inhibition of NF-ÃŽ ºB activation can reduce chemoresistance and improve the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents.3 Among the compounds that have been reported, curcumin was found to inhibit the activation of NF-ÃŽ ºB and thus, induce apoptosis in tumor cells.6 Unfortunately, its clinical applications remains limited due to its poor bioavailability and low potency6, these prompted researchers to chemically modify curcumin in order to increase its potency against NF-ÃŽ ºB and cancerous cells.8 In this issue, Qui et al.8 reports progress in the synthesis and identification of new 4-arylidene curcumin analogues as a potential chemotherapeutic agent. Different kinds of 4-arylidene curcumin analogues were synthesized by coupling 1, 3-diketones curcumin analogues with various aromatic aldehydes in toluene with acetic acid, using piperidine as a catalyst (figure 1). The chemotherapeutic activities of the synthesized compounds were tested on the growth of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells with curcumin used as control. The authors reported that majority of the 4-arylidene curcumin analogues exhibited potent anticancer activities against A549 growth with GI50 in the range of 0.23 – 0.93 ÃŽ ¼M, while very poor antiproliferation activities of curcumin was observed at 15.23 ÃŽ ¼M. This shows a 10- to 60-fold increase in the potency of 4-arylidene curcumin analogues over the parent compound, curcumin. Remarkably, the cytotoxic activities of these newly designed curcumin analogues were not limited to A549 cells. The growth of other carcinoma cells H1944, squamous cells H157, and large carcinoma cells H460, were effectively inhibited by selected 4-acrylidene curcumin analogues, with GI50 values at micromolar concentrations low to 0.07 ÃŽ ¼M. Likewise, in a related study, Zambre et al.9 reported that copper(II) conjugates of Knoevenagel condensates o f curcumin analogue showed inhibitory activities against human leukemic KBM-5 cells. Taken together, these two forms of curcumin analogues offer new possibilities at both ends as potential anticancer agents. One of the key curcumin targets that is important for the survival of cancer is IÃŽ ºB kinase (IKK), which regulates NF-ÃŽ ºB activation.6 Activated NF-ÃŽ ºB is situated in the nucleus to promote transcription that is triggered by tumor-necrosis factor (TNFÃŽ ±).1,5 Thus, Qiu et al.8 used nuclear translocation of NF-ÃŽ ºB in response to TNFÃŽ ± as the main indicator to examine the mode of action of curcumin in comparison to 4-arylidene curcumin analogue. A549 cells were treated in a 384-well plate format with curcumin and its new analogue respectively, before the addition of TNFÃŽ ± to trigger nuclear translocation of NF-ÃŽ ºB p65 subunit. As a result, curcumin inhibited TNFÃŽ ±-induced nuclear translocation of NF-ÃŽ ºB with a mean IC50 of 9.5 ÃŽ ¼M, which is consistent with the work of Kasinski et al.4 Interestingly, most of the synthesized 4-arylidene curcumin analogue showed improved inhibitory activities against NF-ÃŽ ºB translocation with mean IC50 values in the range of 1.0 â⠂¬â€œ 4.9 ÃŽ ¼ÃŽÅ". This finding proved the superiority of the newly designed curcumin analogue over curcumin in blocking nuclear translocation of NF-ÃŽ ºB. Consequently, in a related paper, Zambre et al.9 developed novel curcumin analogues that were synthesized using Knoevenagel condensation to convert enolic diketones of curcumin into non-enolizable ones. The synthesized compounds were examined for their potential in blocking TNFÃŽ ±-induced NF-ÃŽ ºB activation. It was reported that copper(II) conjugates of Knoevenagel condensates of curcumin showed greater potentials in blocking TNFÃŽ ±-induced NF-ÃŽ ºB activation than curcumin, confirming the potency superiority of curcumin analogues over the parental curcumin. NF-ÃŽ ºB is principally activated by IKKÃŽ ² in its well organized signaling pathways.2,7 As a result, Qiu et al.8 choose three potent newly synthesized 4-arylidene curcumin analogues A, B and C to directly investigate their effect on IKK enzymatic activity, with curcumin used as control. Report was given that upon stimulation of A549 cells with TNFÃŽ ±, TNFÃŽ ± induced considerable IÃŽ ºB phosphorylation followed by degradation of the phosphorylated IÃŽ ºB. However, following the treatment of the cells with curcumin and its newly designed analogue, respectively, curcumin inhibited IÃŽ ºB phosphorylation and degradation at high concentrations, while the selected potent newly synthesized curcumin analogues significantly inhibited IÃŽ ºB phosphorylation and degradation at a lower concentration with IC50 values in micromolar range of 2.2 5.0 ÃŽ ¼ÃŽÅ". Again, this showed that the 4-arylidene curcumin analogues exhibited greater inhibitory activities against IÃŽ ºB than curcumin. In anot her study, Kasinski et al.4 proposed that the inhibitory activities of curcumin and its analogues may be a result of direct inhibition of IKKÃŽ ² kinase. To examine this model, the authors performed a reconstituted IKK inhibition assay with recombinant IKKÃŽ ², report showed that the addition of curcumin in various tested concentrations had no significant effect in inhibiting IKKÃŽ ².4 However, in this issue8, the selected newly synthesized curcumin analogues induced a dose dependent inhibition of IKKÃŽ ². Thus, the structural modification of these curcumin analogues results to improved inhibitory activities over curcumin in the in vitro IKK kinase assay. Furthermore, they compared the anticancer efficacy of curcumin and its newly designed analogues. The authors reported that the synthesized 4-arylidene curcumin analogues inhibited colony formation of lung cancer cells at low concentrations in the micromolar range of less than 0.2 0.4 ÃŽ ¼M.8 However, curcumin also inhibited colony formation of cancer cells at higher concentration (4 ÃŽ ¼M). Again, this finding showed the superiority in potency of 4-arylidene curcumin analogues over the parent compound as an anticancer agent. Thus, the chemical modification of the parental curcumin has led to identification of new 4-arylidene curcumin analogues as potential anticancer agents targeting NF-ÃŽ ºB signaling pathway. REFERENCES 1 Baud V, Karin M. (2009) Is NF-kB a good target for cancer therapy? Hopes and pitfalls. Nature reviews drug discovery. 8, 33-40 2 Bonizzi G, Karin M. (2004) The two NF-ÃŽ ºB activation pathways and their role in innate and adaptive immunity. Trends in immunology. 25(6), 280 – 288 3 Karin M. (2006) Nuclear factor-kappaB in cancer development and progression. Nature. 441, 431 – 436 4 Kasinski A, Du Y, Thomas S, Zhao J, Sun S, Khuri F, Wang C, Shoji M, Sun A, Snyder J, Liotta D, Fu H. (2008) Inhibition of IÃŽ ºB kinase-nuclear factor-ÃŽ ºB signaling pathway by 3,5-bis(2-flurobenzylidene)piperidine-4-one (EF24), a novel monoketone analog of curcumin. Molecular Pharmacology. 74(3), 654-661 5 Lee C, Jeon Y, Kim S, Song Y. (2007) NF-kappaB as a potential molecular target for cancer therapy. Biofactors. 29 (1), 19 -35 6 Leu T, Maa M. (2002) The molecular mechanisms for the antitumorigenic effect of curcumin. Current medical chemistry. 2(3), 357 – 370 7 Perkins N. (2007) Integrating cell-signalling pathways with NF-ÃŽ ºB and IKK function. Nature reviews molecular cell biology. 8, 49 62. 8 Qiu X, Du Y, Lou B, Zuo Y, Shao W, Huo Y, Huang J, Yu Y, Zhou B, Du J, Fu H, Bu X. (2010) Synthesis and identification of new 4-arylidene curcumin analogues as potential anticancer agents targeting nuclear factor-ÃŽ ºB signaling pathway. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 53, 8260 – 8273 9 Zambre A, Kulkarni V, Padhye S, Sandur S, Aggarwal B. (2006) Novel curcumin analogs targeting TNF-induced NF-kB activation and proliferation in human leukemic KBM-5 cells. Bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. 14, 7196 – 7204

Body Image Portrayed by the Media Essay -- essays research papers

Through the use of imagery, the display of life-styles, and the reinforcement of values, advertisements are communicators of culturally defined concepts such as success, worth, love, sexuality, popularity, and normalcy. Of particular concern over the past two decades has been excessive use of sexual stereotypes, especially of women. Women are directly affected by this advertising, beyond the mere desire to purchase the product or service described. The influence of the media on people is tremendous, and the effect of advertisements that direct images of beauty, and the perfect slim figure have a harmful effect on a great deal of the world's population, especially women. The media has portrayed the â€Å"perfect body image† so successfully, that women’s self-image, self-esteem and even their health is affected. Looking at the media, it’s almost impossible to ignore the many images of thin, beautiful women. In many women’s magazines, nearly every other page is covered with an advertisement that displays a person with the â€Å"ideal body†, a slim figure, a happy face, and trendy or chic clothes. Most of the advertisements in magazines try to present models as realistic representations for consumers, particularly women, to compare themselves. Not only do magazines try to portray the â€Å"perfect image,† but also television advertisements try to achieve this representation of the perfect body. Television broadcasts events and shows like â€Å"Miss America,† and â€Å"Baywatch† that represent unrealistic body types for ordinary women. To accomplish the goal of looking like the models being displayed all over the media, women think they need to diet. If it was dieting just for the fact of making women feel better, it would be all right, but the purpose of most people is different. When women compare themselves to models and pictures of people in advertisements, they believe the only way they will get noticed i s if they also appear the in the same image of the models. To achieve this goal, they begin to starve themselves. They start to believe that by eating anything at all they will get fat and the most important thing to them is not to be fat. It becomes a compulsion to become thin and some women will do anything to get there. Women need to realize that what the media displays as the â€Å"perfect body† and what really is the healthy body are two different things. Even if a woman does get d... ...haracters in the show are the â€Å"fat ugly guy and fat ugly lady† who live across the street and are objects of constant ridicule. The same can be said for virtually all mainstream shows on television. It is a continual barrage of beautiful people that are exposed to viewers. Unfortunately, it is becoming accepted that society should indeed look like television actors. There is essentially no one in this medium saying that it is okay to be oneself, to look how women want to look and feel good at the same time. What society must do is tell the beauty industry, tell the magazines, and tell Hollywood that what they are doing is not acceptable. The image they portray is unrealistic, unhealthy, and irresponsible. However, it is unlikely that the beauty industry will loosen its grip on the minds of women and try so hard to make them think they are ugly. That would of course hurt sales and cause them to make only millions instead of billions of dollars. It is also improbable th at Hollywood will break perhaps its only rule, because that too would disrupt the bottom line. So, for the time being anyway, we are a society being told how to look, and trying to live up to an impossible standard.

Drew Bropy :: Essays Papers

Drew Bropy As the original mastermind behind the â€Å"...lost† surf boards that began showing up a few years ago, Drew Brophy gave new life to the almost forgotten art of surfboard illustration. From the very beginning, young Drew was building a name for himself, not only as a surf artist, but also as a local hellman in the big surf. In high school Drew worked as an airbrush artist, hoping to save up enough funds to pay his way to Hawaii. His hard work paid off, allowing Drew to catch his plane to the topical Islands shortly after his high school graduation . Drew found that his southern accent made him stick out like a sore thumb, but he made up for it by fearlessly taking on some of the biggest mavericks that an angry Pacific ocean could throw at him. His custom board designs also where making a stir at the beach side, but sadly, not so much with the board shapers . The classic white board and curren rail bands were the current fad, and shapers where leery to use Drew’s unconventional illustrations. As if rejection wasn’t enough, Drew suffered a major wipe out that left him disabled for over 3 months. Unable to work, Drew packed up and moved into his friendà ¢â‚¬â„¢s garage in San Clemente. This seemingly tragic event actually would turn out to be the starting point of Drew’s career. Noticing a few illustrated boards under the arms of some local gromits, and having recovered the use of his arm, Drew looked for the creator of these boards in hope of finding a job. Directed to the San Clemente Surf Company, it was here Drew first met local shaper Matt Biolos. Shortly after he was hired, Drew convinced Matt to let him run his shop while he was on a business trip in China. Given free reign of the shop, Drew went wild, creating fantastic and beautiful illustrations of sunsets ,surf and sun gods. Drew’s boards flew off the shelves and stared the ...lost surfboard craze. Drew finds his inspirations from many surf artist , such as Rick Griffen, Robert Williams, and Rick Rietvela, but most of his inspiration comes form watching the Hawaiian surf, sand and sun.

Othello by Shakespeare Essay

This is the beauty of great works of art in any of its forms; humanity does not change. Throughout time, we still and always will appreciate the things that stir our emotions: love, honour, betrayal, courage, sorrow, death. Are you familiar with Shakespeare’s gripping tale of â€Å"Othello†? If so, here is your opportunity to become re-acquainted with this masterpiece while enjoying exceptional acting, adept cinematography and the absorbing tragic tale true to its origin. If you are unfamiliar with the tale, prepare yourself for many mind-blowing twists and turns at the hands and lips of the master evil conniver, Iago. The Plot†¦ Very Simplified: Othello, a respected Army General, secretly marries Desdemona, much to the envy of his friend, Iago. Iago, motivated by jealousy and complete lack of compassion toward others, has â€Å"hatred & jealousy† to motivate his every move†¦ and evil-doings at the mercy of a brilliant manipulator and ruthless rogue means tremendous trouble and sorrow for all. But I get ahead of myself. To begin, Iago awakens Desdemona’s Father with the news of the clandestine joining: â€Å"A dark ram is topping your white ewe†¦. â€Å"Ah! Shakespeare! Desdemona is a lovely and gentle young woman with more than her share of admirers ~ not only Othello, whom she dearly loves, but Iago, who covets her. Others prove to be the tools that Iago manipulates to bring an end to the newlywed’s happiness. With ploys too intricate and devious for most minds to conceive, and certainly too involved for me to detail here, Iago begins his clever and destructive scheme to undermine the couple’s union. As Iago says, â€Å"There are many events in the womb of time†¦ which will be delivered†. Iago manipulates people and events to cast suspicion on Desdemona and make it appear as though she may be having an affair. He uses her own loving spirit and good nature against her: â€Å"I shall turn her goodness into pitch and out of her own goodness make the net that shall unmesh them all†, confesses Iago to the viewing audience! By inference and the planting of false evidence, Iago successfully raises suspicion of a love triangle to Othello. Othello is successfully becoming undone by seeds of suspicion. The plot thickens. And it weaves and bobs and twists and turns and takes us on a delicious yet unsettling serpentine chase through treachery and trickery. This is Shakespeare, after all – a master storyteller! But †¦. what about the production? Is a modern filming of Shakespeare for everyone’s taste? Clearly, no. The Language True to the Bard’s original, â€Å"Othello’s† dialogue comes from the pages of Shakespeare’s work. And it is difficult†¦ at first. The heightened speech of the day is not we are accustom to: there are no short cuts taken – characters express themselves at great length and with great eloquence and wit. And one cannot deny the beauty of the language – delicate even when being bold; polite, even when being brusque. But don’t be prematurely put off by this. Bear with it a short time and it pays off. If you make it past the first five minutes, you may eventually become comfortable, as the rhythm starts to become internalized and soon begins to sound quite accessible. Despite the initial difficulties in comprehension, I became rapt in the plot and the intense concentration required proved to my benefit , as I became completely involved in the drama. The Acting To compliment the language, the acting proves impeccable and indispensable! The characters lend vibrant facial expressions that betray their motives and emotions. In fact, one can say that in any modern version of Shakespeare, average audiences must rely heavily on other cues – like facial expressions and actions, to bring greater understanding to the rapidly moving dialogue and storyline. This version is a great success! I have never been more impressed with Laurence Fishburne’s acting than in this film. In this challenging production, he demonstrated his considerable skill. But Kenneth Branagh , as Iago, was the real scene stealer! Few can do â€Å"ruthless† like Branagh! And, though the role seemed to require less energy and scope, Irene Jacob was convincingly the sweet and gentle Desdemona. The love between Othello and Desdemona is demonstrated so clearly, so unmistakably, that as a viewer, I was angered by Iago’s attempts to destroy it. A good film makes you care! This is a good film! I cared about Desdemona; I was abhorred at Othello’s stupidity for believing the trap set by Iago. It was horrible to watch the jubilant happiness of the new lovers become undone. The perception of the heartbreak to come was intense. I detested Iago for his ruthlessness and hatefulness! All the emotions audiences felt so long ago – they still exist today. What Else? There a couple of scenes that were unusual – when Iago speaks to the camera – to the audience-and I suppose this might have been originally a soliloquy. But they seem very out of place. All of a sudden I was jolted out of my â€Å"suspension of disbelief† and cosiness of the play, by the intrusion of a personal message from one of the actors! On the other hand, Iago, though a cruel character, is a treat to watch as he spins his webs of deception then glances knowingly at the camera. This is one of Branagh’s most inspired roles! Although it has been many years since I read â€Å"Othello†, the film seems to remain true to its original while benefiting from new technology and artistic perceptions. It is a commendation to William Shakespeare (though he doesn’t need it from me) as well as the Director and actors who moved the production from â€Å"theatre in the round† to â€Å"Castle Rock Productions†. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Soma

These soma-styled drugs have a very negative effect on an individual and society. Instead of trying to fix problems naturally, people go to pills because it takes less energy and less time. Some people feel that taking less energy to become happy Is a benefit, when it's actually the total opposite. Honestly, I think that mood-altering drugs are one of the factors for obesity In America today.The fact that people are taking pills to be happy instead of exercising and eating right makes America lazy. One of the most common mood-altering drugs used In the U. S. Today Is Ability. Affably is used for mood disorders such as, bipolar, schizophrenia, and Irritability. Ability can also be used with other medications to treat depression. Another common mood- altering drug In America Is Eluvia. Eluvia helps Improve mood and feelings of well- being. It also relieves anxiety and tension, helps you sleep better, and Increases your energy level.Although, both of these drugs can make a person feel b etter they come with negative side effects such as, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness, weight gain, blurred vision, constipation, etc. These drugs can relate to soma because Just like soma, theses drugs are taken when someone feels Internally unbalanced. In the novel Brave New World by Aloud Huxley the people of the World State took the drug soma when they felt unhappy. Soma made the citizens of the world state very calm and careless. The best part about soma Is that unlike the mood-altering drugs of today, It doesn't have any side effects.The bad part about soma Is that an Individual could overdose, then eventually die If they use way too much. Advertisement for these drugs poorly shows the side effects of the drugs they are trying to sell, which Is understandable for an advertisement. The side effects In the Interview are usually In a very small font at the bottom on the advertisement, and when being read It goes by very fast. The people selling these drugs know that these d rugs only help people momentarily, and the only way to fix most of these cases comes from within, durably. Energy and less time.Some people feel that taking less energy to become happy is a drugs are one of the factors for obesity in America today. The fact that people are One of the most common mood-altering drugs used in the U. S. Today is Ability. Ability is used for mood disorders such as, bipolar, schizophrenia, and irritability. Ability can altering drug in America is Eluvia. Eluvia helps improve mood and feelings of well- being. It also relieves anxiety and tension, helps you sleep better, and increases your eke soma, theses drugs are taken when someone feels internally unbalanced.In the and careless. The best part about soma is that unlike the mood-altering drugs of today, it doesn't have any side effects. The bad part about soma is that an individual could overdose, then eventually die if they use way too much. Advertisement for these drugs poorly shows the side effects of the drugs they are trying to sell, which is understandable for an advertisement. The side effects in the interview are usually in a very small font at the bottom on the advertisement, and when being read it goes by

Dickens & education in Hard Times Essay

In Hard times we see two versions of the world of education. The first view is that of Thomas Gradgrind’s and his â€Å"model school†. A place where facts are valued and imagination is regarded as unimportant. This is the utilitarian view. The second view is contrasted with the utilitarian view and is that of Mr Sleary’s circus. This is a place with much knowledge valuing both imagination and education. A place without the wealth of the Gradgrind’s but much in humanity. This is the â€Å"fanciful† world. I think Dickens is telling us that there are many different ways of bringing up and educating children. It is about getting the right balance between education and imagination. For example Sissy was brought up by her father and didn’t go to school but was quite well educated as she â€Å"used to read to him,† but her father let her use her imagination as she read the â€Å"wrong books† from Gradgrind’s point of view. Which were about â€Å"Fairies †¦ and the Hunchback and the Genies. † But when she went to Gradgrind’s house to live there she was cut off from having an imagination, as so was struggling to learn facts. The reader knows this as Sissy says, † I am – O so stupid! † when really she isn’t stupid at all, it is just that she has been forced to be brought up the utilitarian way, which is the wrong way for her, as she is used to having a balance between education and imagination but Gradgrind hasn’t allowed it. She â€Å"became low – spirited, but no wiser. † This is because she has an emotional memory and so she can’t learn the facts because she is being taught with a utilitarian view and so she can’t attach a feeling to what she is being taught. This is how Dickens implies that different people learn different ways and at different rates. For Gradgrind it could be argued that it was the right way for him as he was educated by his father the utilitarian way. He became a model pupil and owned a school. The reader knows that he was a model pupil as Dickens tells us â€Å"five young Gradgrinds †¦ were models everyone. † And â€Å"They had been lectured at from their tenderest years. † And in Gradgrind’s eyes this had worked so â€Å"He intended every child to be a model†. But what Gradgrind doesn’t realise is that all children are different and need to be brought up different ways, which is what Dickens is suggesting to the reader.

Belonging Essay Body, Feliks Skrzynecki

Feliks Skrzynecki Belonging presupposes inclusion and an acceptance of self, satisfying a yearning to be something larger than ourselves. The subjective nature of belonging, however, suggest it is often far more ambiguous and complex. Belonging as a potentially positive force is recognised in the poet’s representation of his father’s connection to his Polis past.The metaphor ‘where his father kept pace only with the Joneses of his minds making’, coupled with the simile, ‘loved his garden like an only child’, captures his father’s immersion in Polish culture and his indifference OR more likely his fathers pretermit to the world around, suggestive of a deep emotive attachment to his garden, which serves as a nexus of his agrarian heritage and ataration or stoic indifference to new cultures.This sense of contentment finds resolution in the tranquillity that shapes his fathers connection to his past, evident in the gentle meandering and lyri cal emotive enjambment where the poet describes his father as he ‘sits out the evening with his dog†¦ happy as I have never been’, suggesting that a profound sense of belonging contributes to a positive sense personal identity. Paradoxically, however, Felik’s immersion into his Polish heritage inhibits his capacity to assimilate and contributes to an emotional and psychological rift between father and son. Did your father ever attempt to learn English? ’, this separation is reinforced through the use of direct, rhetorical question that is seemingly a personal attack, combined with the metaphor ‘dancing-bear grunts’ describing the man who opened the personal onslaught on feliks, indicative of a lack of empathy, as well as, hostility between Feliks and his immediate culture, suggesting that belonging contributes to a negative sense of personal identity. Pegging my tents further and further south of Hadrian’s wall’, this infuse d combination of metaphor and historical allusion, evokes a sense that his inability to comprehend, as well as, his reluctance to assimilate, recognising the inevitable and inexorable process of separation that invariably accompanies belonging in the vacant space between two cultures.

Analyzing the Financial Statements of the Worlds Retailer

Students can be asked to make this analysis in class, or to prepare the case outside the classroom, and to present it. Ideally, the case work is conducted in groups of 4 to 6 students, and it typically takes between 1 to 1. 5 hours (for the analysis itself – obviously, drafting a written report or presentation is more time consuming). The Wal-Mart case is aimed at both undergraduate and graduate students, and for general management programmes/MBAs as well as finance students – obviously, for the latter group, a much more fine-grained analysis, extensive discussion and adequate linking among various financials and between the numbers and Wal-Mart’s business is required. Evidently, the lecturer should highlight many more details in a class of finance students. In the teaching note, the authors first provide a detailed discussion of Wal-Mart’s balance sheet, profit and loss account and cash flow statement, mainly based upon common base and common size analysis. While the focus is on 2009 figures, conclusions for 2008 would be broadly similar. Furthermore, they also provide an overview of some key financials’ evolution over the past 10 years. Next, they calculate and interpret liquidity, profitability and solvency ratios for 2008 and 2009 and link these to Wal-Mart’s business model and operating activities. They summarize the main findings in a concluding section. Finally, the authors include a slide show that can be used while teaching this case. Analyzing the Financial Statements of the Worlds Retailer Students can be asked to make this analysis in class, or to prepare the case outside the classroom, and to present it. Ideally, the case work is conducted in groups of 4 to 6 students, and it typically takes between 1 to 1. 5 hours (for the analysis itself – obviously, drafting a written report or presentation is more time consuming). The Wal-Mart case is aimed at both undergraduate and graduate students, and for general management programmes/MBAs as well as finance students – obviously, for the latter group, a much more fine-grained analysis, extensive discussion and adequate linking among various financials and between the numbers and Wal-Mart’s business is required. Evidently, the lecturer should highlight many more details in a class of finance students. In the teaching note, the authors first provide a detailed discussion of Wal-Mart’s balance sheet, profit and loss account and cash flow statement, mainly based upon common base and common size analysis. While the focus is on 2009 figures, conclusions for 2008 would be broadly similar. Furthermore, they also provide an overview of some key financials’ evolution over the past 10 years. Next, they calculate and interpret liquidity, profitability and solvency ratios for 2008 and 2009 and link these to Wal-Mart’s business model and operating activities. They summarize the main findings in a concluding section. Finally, the authors include a slide show that can be used while teaching this case.

Discussion 1 week 2 Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) Assignment

Discussion 1 week 2 Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) - Assignment Example Audit quality has improved, more financial experts have found positions in these committees and number of financial restatements has declined significantly (Cohn 2012). Apple is a global company which is currently facing pollution problems because of a few of its suppliers (Haselton 2011). With the help of SOX, it can pressurize its suppliers to abide by full disclosure rule of corporate policies and avoid breaking environmental laws. Similarly, companies like Lenovo and IBM face criticisms due to their disposal activities jeopardizing the environment. The SOX framework is constituted in a manner which comprises all essential elements of reducing white-collar crime and misalignments in shareholder-auditor interests. The SOX framework talks about the independence of auditor from those who own the company (Sec 404), responsibility of senior executives in presenting true and accurate records (Sec 409), areas where conflict of interests can happen, penalties for alteration/manipulation of financial data and even corporate crimes including offences and failure to comply with rules and regulations (Sec 802). With the help of these sections and sub-sections, companies under the pressure of corporate social responsibility can be encouraged to abide by the rules. Evaluate how the SOX has reinforced investors’ and creditors’ confidence in companies and how these individuals can take steps to verify the accuracy of the financial statements of potential investments or loans. Provide support for your rationale.   SOX has emerged as an apt and demanded medium to expose financial manipulations in corporate activities. Its most important element which reinforces trust and confidence is its emphasis on both the companies and the auditors being accountable and transparent in their deeds. For instance, Tyco International had its shareholders’

Applying SWOT analysis to Vauxhall as a firm bases in EU Essay

Applying SWOT analysis to Vauxhall as a firm bases in EU - Essay Example The foremost impact of political policies and regulations is seen on the socially responsible conduct of businesses in the region. Due to the increasing pressure of environmental activists and consumer groups, car manufacturing businesses in the region are forced by the political administration to manufacturer automobiles that are safer with minimum harm the ecological environment (European Monitoring Centre on Change, 2004). Additionally, the Political administration of the region also works together towards providing relief to automobile manufacturing businesses in the form of levies on taxes, easing recruitment regulations and providing incentives for incorporating social responsibility framework in business practices. The economic outlook of EU region is somehow unstable. There are countries in the continental alliance that are experiencing an economic downturn and are forced to provide bail-out plans to businesses in their respective countries. Spain and UK are the biggest example of financially unstable countries in the region. As a result, the purchasing power and spending trends of consumers in financially unstable countries of the region is reflecting a unfavorable trend. On the contrary, the car manufacturers in EU region are considered as a vital economic stimulator. This is because, in the manufacturing of automobiles, the manufacturers utilize other complimenting products such as textile output, aluminum, copper, steel, computer chips, iron, lead, plastic, vinyl and rubber. Considering this assertion, it can be said the car manufacturing is an important driver of the region’s economy (European Commission, 2009). The society in EU region perceives their vehicles to be reflecting their social status. Majority of the societies in EU region prefer vehicles that are environment friendly and designed keeping in view the

Overview of the Television Show Glee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Overview of the Television Show Glee - Essay Example The essay "Overview of the Television Show Glee" talks about a very popular television show ‘Glee’ that has been broadcast all over the world in the recent past; it speaks of a high school atmosphere with children belonging to different backgrounds, coming together to spread love through the gift of music. The children that belong to the Glee Club are not even accepted by the other students going to the school because they may not be as ‘popular’ or pretty as the others in order to be a part of the so-called ‘cool’ social scenes. This is a vast issue that has been affecting children not only across America but on a global basis, merely because peer pressure and social acceptance is something that children coming from different backgrounds and having different opinions have been facing for a long time. The main goal of this show has been spreading social justice among young adults and helping them understand that it is alright to accept different people into their groups. The show has also been able to do an excellent job by cultivating and displaying how its children and students are not able to love themselves and be truthful with themselves about how to deal with life. The first season is based on the social issue of teenage pregnancy and helps to portray how women are thought of when they are going through such problems. Quinn underwent a major amount of hardships when she was pregnant because at first, her fellow students did not support her decision of going ahead with having the baby.

Ethical Dilemmas faced by property professionals Essay

Ethical Dilemmas faced by property professionals - Essay Example The large retail development scenario given raises several issues in relation to the concept of acting professionally within the building and surveying profession. These ethical dilemmas issues include: First, in relation to the RICS ethical principle of integrity, there is the ethical question of the demolition of a group of historic buildings, which are used as small retail units by local independent shops, to replace them with a large retail development. The actual ethical dilemma arising under this situations, is the conflict between modernizing the economy of the large city through the construction of modern retail building that might attract large business, thus growing the economy of the city and creating employment for the locals on the one hand, and the morality of displacing the local independent shop owners by the large retail business on the other hand. According to the Theory of Ethics, basic rules can be applied to determine the right or wrong of an action (Dabson, Plim mer, Kenney & Waters, 2007:6). In this respect, the ethical theory is therefore highly concerned with the procedures, and thus the theory holds that the fairness or otherwise of an outcome, is judged entirely by the fairness or lack of fairness in the process (Dabson, Plimmer, Kenney & Waters, 2007:6). In this respect, the RICS Professional and Ethical Standard of integrity is evoked by the scenario, where the integrity question refers to the truthfulness and the honesty of any action that is taken (RICS, 2013:n.p.).

Case study-BP Deepwater Horizon platform disaster,LA May 2010 Research Paper

Case study-BP Deepwater Horizon platform disaster,LA May 2010 (Emergency and disaster management) - Research Paper Example One of these groups was stakeholders and authorities in the area of oil emergency and disaster management. The other group comprised of ordinary inhabitants who were in one way or the other victims of the BP Oil Spill Disaster. Through comprehensive analysis of data collected, it came to light that if there were strict standards in place, the BP Oil Spill disaster could have been avoided. Partly to be blamed for the disaster also was the absence of law enforcement as far as safety practices in the oil and gas industry are concerned. To this regard, recommendations on the enactment and enforcement of basic safety laws in the oil and gas industry were made. Indeed the implementation of these recommendations would be a gain step towards the dream of ensuring disaster free operation in the oil and gas industry. INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Oil is one of the major sources of revenue and income for government. Apart from this, the usefulness of oil and gas to the running of local a nd international industries as well as the use of oil as the major source of energy for the country are some other reasons why oil and gas exploration might not end any time soon in America. According to the API (2011), â€Å"oil and natural gas industry that supports 9.2 million U.S. jobs and 7.5% of our nation’s GDP.† Yet again, these are reasons why oil exploration continues to be paramount to the United States government. These benefits notwithstanding, there is the need to ensuring that oil and gas exploration becomes absolute blessing to the country rather than a curse. In most countries, oil curse has been a term that stands for tensions and disputes that arise out of the distribution of funds that are accrued from the mining of oil where some faction claim ownership of the oil and thus a greater share of the revenue. Clearly, the United States has developed beyond such uprisings. However, the issue of spillage of large and harmful quantities oil in the course o f oil and gas extraction is perhaps a curse that the country has not been exempted from yet. As technology and the invention of complex machinery and equipment abound, one would have expected that news of oil spillage would hardly be heard among oil companies in the United States but the April 2010 BP oil spillage incidence did not just come to be an ordinarily spillage but one that was serious enough to be classified as a disaster. It is not surprising therefore that Lintner (2010) posits that the BP Oil Spill is â€Å"the greatest environmental disaster in United States history.† Such as another oil spill disasters come with thorning effects on living species and the environment at large. Typically in the case of BP in April 2010, there was massive lost of living creatures in the ocean while waters in the ocean and the soil at the immediate shore had their own versions of destruction. Then of course there was lost of thousands of US dollars that could have been channeled in to national development. Due to the harsh consequences that come with such disasters as oil spill, the researcher is committed to using this research as a platform to delve into the causes, effects, management and prevention of oil spill disasters by using BP’s case as a case study. Research Aims and Objectives This is a case study that aims at revisiting

The Evolution of Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Evolution of Work - Essay Example The significant changes in work ethic will be covered as well with relation to history and economy. The definition of work is the physical and/or mental efforts and other activities associated with the accomplishment of a specific duty. The applications of work in everyday life provide a more complicated meaning in part due to the constantly changing actions of humans themselves. This has caused historical context to become more important in the definition of the word. One noteworthy piece of history, which provided work, a new definition, was in the 15th and 16th centuries. The age of navigation was at its peak, and the colonial age became an integral part of history. In this time, work could be defined in two different ways. The first was through thte eyes of the colonizers themselves, and the other was through the eyes of those that were colonized. There was a plethora of work readily available about the western power, as well as in context of the un-colonized world at the time. I n respect to the western power, work was generally defined as parenthood. For these people, conquest was bringing civilization to what they perceived as an uncivilized world. Thus, the processes of conquests were important in the achievement of creating civilization among uncivilized people. The colonizers took the memories they had of their schoolmasters and used them, as they were the learned ones who were charged with the education of the uneducated and to show them a better life (Geddes). However, that definition of work that was exclusive in the eyes of the western power was masked. The plans of the colonizers sounded promising, as they promised a better life and way for the un-colonized people. They introduced the concept of civilization and education through their conquests as a primary source of bringing the life that they had experienced in the lands from which they came. The definition of work was not the same for those who were colonized. For the natives, the definition o f work as acculturation and conformity to their masters demands (Geddes). Although the promises of a better life through the development of the economy was seen as a compromise of the colonies, the benefits of this process being one-sided. This compromise was only beneficial to the colonizers. They began exploiting natural resources and introduced the idea and development of slavery. They took it upon themselves as a burden of their powers to civilize the native people and take the economic advantages they gained for themselves as part of a new development for their homeland (Geddes). Work for the natives ultimately meant the physical aspects of its definition. The natives were placed in forced labor, similar to the curve of the British Empire in India. Work for the colonized people was very hard, as they had to suffer the dictation of the colonizers along with the abuse of their masters (Geddes). As happens with historical progression, economic development and the definition of wor k became more diluted. Mercantilism became moot and capitalism began through the Industrial Revolution. It was in this time that the complications of work became evident through the new technology developing at the time. New machines were invented and introduced, allowing for mass production for the first time. This allowed them to produce products in greater volumes at lower costs. Capital investing and saving were being more strongly considered, and the introduction of wages for workers and profits for

Leadership in organisations (Reflective journal assignment) Essay

Leadership in organisations (Reflective journal assignment) - Essay Example Similarly, while it’s important to recognize one’s weaknesses as a leader, I also believe that it’s important to recognize one’s strengths and play into them and work towards further strengthening these aspects of one’s personality. In these regards, I scored fives in the trustworthy, outgoing, and friendly categories. In these regards, I will attempt to cultivate these traits in becoming a more effective leader. In examining my personal assessment scores on the page 64 questionnaire I found it illuminating in terms of the comparisons that can be made among the divergent skills. In these regards, my Technical Skill score was 21, while my Human Skill score was 28, and my Conceptual score 19. Similar to the questionnaire on page 34 these varying scores function to demonstrate areas to me wherein I can work to improve my weaknesses; clearly my Conceptual score is significantly lower than my Human Skills score. While I recognize that it’s important to work towards improving one’s weaknesses, I also believe these scores can be used in leadership when it comes to delegation. A strong leader will have a working knowledge of themselves and areas where it would be more beneficial to the objective to delegate these responsibilities to others. Finally, the questionnaire on page 85 gave me increased self-knowledge into my leadership traits, as well as others perception of me. In these questionnaires I scored in the moderately high range for Tasks with a 39 score, and then scored in the high range for Relationships with a score of 42. While both of these scores relatively high, I recognize that they both leave room for improvement. They also speak towards my type of leadership style in indicating that I tends more towards relationship oriented leading, than simple task based. In these regards, I could change the style by

Recognise the impact of prejudice Essay Example for Free

Recognise the impact of prejudice Essay Three of the examples of prejudice or stereotyping in Task 9 and describe what strategies/methods as a community interpreter would use to influence/educate agencies in overcoming these barriers. Write about what systems agencies already have in place to overcome these particular barriers. Example 1: The Iranian Interpreter, how would you deal with this situation in a professional manner? Strategy: Get to know a person on an individual basis before you decide if you dont like them. Youre not going to like everyone, but you do need to respect them as an individual and spend time with them before you make a judgment. You need to realize that your way isnt the only way. Example 2: People who came from an Arab background and who attended mosques were looked at differently. This means that people you passed every day on the street were given a discrimination.This is not fair treatment Strategy: Learn about different cultures and people to understand differences between yourself and others. As you learn more, you can relate to other people better even when differences exist. You need to go where you are in the minority and experience what it is like to be in that situation. Example 3:Many people have the view of a person with mental illness as someone who is violence-prone. Strategy: Be respectful of differences. You need to be able to agree to disagree. Even if you dont have eye contact with each other, you will feel and know that their attitudes and behavior.

Abigail Williams Character Essay

Abigail Williams Character Essay Being hung because of someone elses lies, selfishness, and lustful temptations, seems fair right? This is exactly what happened because of Abigail Williams. 19 people were hanged during the Salem Witch Trials, which was consequent of Abigail Williams lies, and selfishness. Abigail was the young women that John Proctor had an affair on his wife with. After the affair, she became obsessed with John, despite his constant reassurance that what he did was wrong, and that he was through with her. She became obsessed to that point that she drank blood, and did a dance with the devil in order to see Mrs. Proctor killed. After this didnt work, she began telling lies about seeing others (including Mrs. Proctor) with the devil, so that she would be hanged and she could possibly live a life with John. Analysis and study of Abigail Williams in The Crucible shows that she is a villain with manipulative skills, and is a compulsive liar, who is motivated by sexual temptation and John Proctor. Abigail Williams is a prime example of a villain because of her actions in The Crucible. One of the things that she does to portray her as villain is she lies about Tituba forcing her to drink blood, when really she did it under her own will. While Abigail was being pressured into saying who was involved with the Witchcraft she said, She (Tituba) makes me drink blood! (47). This resulted in Tituba being brutally beat and eventually sent back to her old country. Abigail also victimizes herself, in order to make it seem like she is innocent. For example she says, She sends her spirit on me in church; she makes me laugh at prayer! (48) during a court session. Abigail is also really good at drawing attention away from herself because another time during a court hearing, when she was about to get proven a liar, she suddenly acted as if there was a demon in the room. She screamed with terror, Shes going to come down! Shes walking the beam! (120). All of these instances do a great job of sh owing that she knows how to play the role of a villain, by making herself seem innocent. Abigail has some major strengths that help her in being a villain, and those strengths are compulsive lying, and extremely good manipulative skills. Everyone knows that Mrs. Proctor is a goody woman in Salem; however, because she has something that Abigail wants she chooses to lie about the type of person she is in order to manipulate the way people view her by saying, Its a bitter woman, a lying, cold, sniveling woman, and I will not work for such a woman! (12). She also was asked if she was the one conjuring spirits and she answered by putting the blame and Tituba and Ruth. Abigail replied, Not I, sir Tituba and Ruth. (16). Betty (who has fallen sick and unconscious due to the conjuring of spirits) also even admits what she saw Abigail do, to kill Proctors wife. Betty exclaimed, You did, you did! You drank a charm to kill John Proctors wife! You drank a charm to kill Goody Proctor! (20). Abigail consistently lies about the doing of other people and tries to manipulate other people s minds by scaring them. The root of all Abigails wrong doings come from her unjust motivations, which has to do with her lust for John Proctor. Even though John is married to Elizabeth, she still wants John and is willing to do anything for it. She even says to him, John- I am waitin for you every night. (22). She also continues to fantasize about her relationship (mainly fueled by lust) with John Proctor. In front of Betty while she was unconscious she said to John, I know how you clutched my back behind your house and sweated like a stallion whenever I come near! Or did I dream that? Its she put me out, you cannot pretend it were you. I saw your face when she put me out, and you loved me then and you do now. (23) Abigail even ventures as far as to beg John to talk about his affection for her. She begs, Give me a word, John. A soft word. (23). All of her lies, sins, and vengeful feelings for Mrs. Proctor are consequential of her love and lust for John Proctor. Abigail Williams is a villain who is fueled by the motivations of lust for John Proctor, which brings out her manipulative strength and lying abilities. All the things that Abigail Williams did during the crucible, caused harm, uproar, and eventually death for a lot of people. If thats not a villain, what is?

Shellac for Film Formation and its Modification

Shellac for Film Formation and its Modification Shellac for film formation and its modification for enhancement of properties Abstract With the growing environmental concerns associated with synthetic polymers, the need for biopolymers has strongly emerged which can have applications ranging from packaging to electrical applications. Shellac, which is a naturally occurring product resin obtained from insects (female lac bug), is one such component which can be used for production of biopolymeric film. However, due to limitations on mechanical and barrier properties, modification of Shellac is necessary. Following is a reviewed study of modifications of Shellac to improve its film properties, heat resistance, water resistance, gloss and hardness. Keywords: Biopolymers, Shellac, modification, coatings. 1. Shellac With the decrease in petroleum reserves, the need for biocompatible polymers has emerged. Polylactic acid, Zein protein films and Shellac, as in this case, have become vital for environmental concerns. Shellac is a naturally occurring polymer, obtained from resinous secretions of lac insects, Laccifer Lacca (Soradech et al) 1. Shellac as a coating material is mainly used in the fields of food and pharmaceutical industries (Jinwei Wang, Lei Chen, Yedong He) 2. However, one of shellac’s problems is a lack of solubility in commonly used coating solvents such as ketones and glycol ethers (Jennifer T. Otto, David L. Trumbo) 3. Problems associated with shellac are batch-to-batch variation, need of organic solvent, less stability and less solubility in alkaline pH of intestine, comparing to synthetic and semi-synthetic enteric polymers. Shellac is primarily used as a naturalprimer,sandingsealant,tannin-blocker,odour-blocker,stain, andhigh-glossvarnish. Applications of Shellac Due to excellent film forming and protective properties, it is widely used in food industry, paint industry and to a considerable extent in pharmaceutical industry. Use of biopolymers for packaging applications is severely limited due to poor barrier and mechanical properties (Melissa Gurgel Adeodato Vieira et al) 4. Significant work was carried out by (Hult et al) 5 by using Microfibrillar cellulose (MFC), incorporation of which reduces the Oxygen Transmission Rate (OTR) value (Syverud et al)6 combined with Shellac to produce fibre based packaging. Significant oxygen barrier for packaging was not obtained but multilayer coating with MFC and Shellac reduced OTR greatly. (D. Phan Te et al) 7 presents another way of eliminating the limitations of biopolymers for packaging. Formation of hydrocolloid-shellac bilayer films produced an enhanced resistance to water and moisture permeability with good mechanical properties. Better mechanical properties and better adhesion to the hydrocolloid layers was obtained with the use of plasticizer. Shellac has also been used widely in Pharmaceutical and drug retention applications. (Berg et al) 8 describes shellac as one of the very few materials to be used as a pharmaceutical coatings. It finds special applications in health applications and nutraceuticals (Krause et al) 9. 2. Modifications of Shellac for enhancement of properties Modification has been carried out to overcome many popular limitations of Shellac films like low heat resistance, poor water resistance, poor solvent resistance, chemical resistance, brittleness, etc. (Sharma et al.) 10 2.1 Crosslinking of acetoacetylated Shellac with multifunctional amine or acrylate (Jennifer T. Otto, David L. Trumbo) 3 Crosslinking of films was carried out by reaction between acetoacetylated shellac with a multifunctional amine or with a multifunctional acrylate under Michael addition reaction parameters (Jennifer T. Otto, David L. Trumbo et al.)3. According to (Jennifer T. Otto, David L. Trumbo et al.)3 Shellac/t-butylacetoacetate films were synthesised for this purpose. The glass transition temperature of the modified shellac was observed to be 4.5 °C. The Tg of unmodified shellac is 54.6 °C.High level of acetoacetylation is indicated to have occurred as acetoacetylation is known to reduce Tgs by reduction in hydrogen bonding capabilities (Clemens, RJ, Rector, FD et al)11. Major purpose was to alter the solubility of the shellac. Modified Shellac was attempted to dissolve in various solvents. It was noted that the modified shellac was soluble in MEK, methyl amyl ketone (MAK), acetone, CHCl3, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (DPM), THF, and DMAC. The unmodified shellac was soluble in ethano l and DMAC and sparingly soluble or insoluble in MEK, CHCl3, MAK, and DPM. Thus, desired modification was obtained, and (Jennifer T. Otto, David L. Trumbo) 2 formed thermoset films crosslinked with two different species, an amine and a multifunctional acrylate. It is possible to modify shellac by reaction with t-butyl acetoacetate. This modification changed significantly different solubility characteristics and the ability to be crosslinked with different species at different temperatures, including ambient temperature. The crosslinked films have well to excellent properties, with the exception of low angle gloss for the DYTEK A cured films. This could reflect some incompatibility on a microscale between the modified shellac and the diamine. Gel content measurements suggest that a high degree of crosslinking has been obtained. 2.2 Modification by use of Maleated Shellac (Hasmukh S. Patel and Sumeet J. Patel) 12 Following modification was employed for coating preparation of maleated shellac-acrylic resin emulsion paints, acrylic resin its application as surface coating materials and characteristic. According to (Hasmukh S. Patel and Sumeet J. Patel) 12, maleated Shellac was synthesised by treating Shellac with Maleic Anhydride. Shellac solution in tetrahydrofuran (THF), different proportions (10–30% wt of shellac) of maleic anhydride was added and well mixed. The resultant reaction mixture was refluxed for 5 h before cooling and pouring into cold water. Adhesion and smooth finish film were obtained and no observable damage and detachment of the film was observed. Blending of Maleated Shellac with acrylic resin might give rise to the polymerization and/or crosslinking between the two components through the functionality due to unsaturation which resulted in better water resistance and decent alkali resistance even though shellac and becomes easily soluble when it comes in to contact wi th water and alkali, respectively. The coated panels were immersed by (Hasmukh S. Patel and Sumeet J. Patel) 12 in water for 5 months and no detachment or discolouration was observed. On the coating after taking out the panels from water. It was noted that water that was socked by the panels, evaporated kept at room temperature. Deterioration water socked panels of the coating was not observed which indicates that the composition resisted uphold of the water/ moisture within the system which is an important feature of the paint formulation. 2.3 Blending of Shellac with Epoxy resin (D. N. Goswami and S. Kumar) 13 The reaction represented below was employed as a modification for Shellac. Figure 1: Shellac and Epoxy group reaction (D. N. Goswami and S. Kumar) 13 The above reaction represented in Figure-1 is a reaction mechanism between Shellac and Epoxy group. This reaction was monitored by reducing acid value or reducing epoxide value. The properties obtained were found to be optimum for cured samples containing 70 parts of shellac and 30 parts of the epoxy resin (Tripathi et al) 14. Following figure (Fig. 2) shows the variation in dissipation factor (tan ÃŽ ´) for various shellac-epoxy resin blends with time. Figure-2:Variation of dissipation factor (tan ÃŽ ´) of shellac-epoxy resin varnishes with time. (1) Dewaxed lemon (DL) shellac: epoxy resin = 60:40, mol. wt. of epoxy resin 500; (2) dewaxed lemon (DL) shellac: epoxy resin = 70: 30, mol. Wt. of epoxy resin 1 OOO; (3) dewaxed orange (DO) shellac: epoxy resin = 50: 50, mol. wt. of epoxy resin 1 OOO. (D. N. Goswami and S. Kumar) 13 The dissipation factor undergoes an initial rise up to around the sixth day after blending and remains almost constant thereafter. The variation of conductivity of different shellac-epoxy resin blends with time is shown in Fig. 3. Figure-3: Conductivity variation with time (D. N. Goswami and S. Kumar) 13 Conductivity, like dissipation factor, also showed an initial increase with time. Around the sixth day, the variation was found to be biphasic in nature with an inflection. For the blends containing epoxy resins with molecular weights of 500 and 1000 the nature of variation of both dissipation factor and conductivity with time was found to be similar. The variation of specific viscosity of the 70: 30 and 50: 50 blends with time is shown in Fig. 4. Figure 4: Variation of specific viscosity of dewaxed lemon (DL) shellac-epoxy resin varnishes (D. N. Goswami and S. Kumar) 13 It was observed that initially specific viscosity increases with time and becomes almost constant after six days. A small plateau was observed for the next few days and thereafter specific viscosity increases. It was observed that the values of dissipation factor, conductivity, dielectric strength and specific viscosity of the epoxy resin-free shellac solutions were more or less constant. If the reaction is carried for a longer period, besides the reaction mechanism as shown previously, cross-linking occurs. In this process, the hydroxyl groups of shellac produced by the above mentioned reaction probably react with the epoxide group and/or with the carboxyl group forming a three-dimensional network as shown in Fig.5 Figure 5: Reaction between Hydroxyl group and/or Epoxy or Carboxylic group. (D. N. Goswami and S. Kumar) 13 2.4 Combination of Shellac and Polyamidoamine (R. K. Dey, G. S. Tiwary, Tanushree Patnaik, Usha Jha) 15 The modification mentioned below was essentially done for drug delivery applications. Natural biodegradable and biocompatible polymer is encouraged as a starting material for synthetic purpose so as to reduce the production of the toxic biodegradable products in body’s physiological environment. By varying the ratio, a wide range of polymers were prepared. Shellac: PAA as 1: 1, 1: 2, and 1: 3 ratios was taken though the characterization was done by taking Shellac and PAA in the ratio 1: 1. According to (R. K. Dey, G. S. Tiwary, Tanushree Patnaik, Usha Jha) 15, the samples were prepared using the appropriate amount of PAA dissolved in 20 mL of methanol, added to a solution of Shellac in methanol. A solution of 2, 2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone (about 2 wt % with respect to the PAA) was added in methanol (around 5 mL) to this mixture with mild stirring. The reaction mixture was poured into a glass petridish and was kept at room temperature. The polymerization was initiated by irradiation with an incandescent broad-spectrum lamp (Philips Comptalux, 150 W), positioned 25 cm above the petridish. Irradiation was continued for 7 h until gelation occurred. The schematic sketch of the reaction leading to the formation of polymeric material is shown in Figure 6. The polymeric material was extensively washed with methanol to remove any residual monomer, then freeze-dried and stored until further use. The resultant product was cut in films, dry in air for three days, and place in a vacuum oven at 25 °C until constant weight. It was observed that PAA was soluble in water where as the corresponding polymer of Shellac-PAA was insoluble in water. Figure-6: Synthesis of Shellac-PAA by photopolymerization technique (R. K. Dey, G. S. Tiwary, Tanushree Patnaik, Usha Jha) 15 Ethanol served as an ideal solvent for dissolving both the PAA and Shellac-PAA. In acetone the Shellac-PAA was found to be partially soluble. In acetone the Shellac-PAA was found to be partially soluble. Intrinsic viscosity in ethanol for Shellac-PAA was calculated to be 0.247 dL/g. 2.5 Modification of Natural Shellac using a diamine (Jinwei Wang, Lei Chen, Yedong He) 2 Due to the growing concern on the environment and health made it necessary and extremely urgent and valuable to develop environmental friendly coatings. Many commonly used coatings such as polyurethane, epoxy etc. were produced as waterborne coating, solvent-free paint, and radiation curing paints, etc. so that their injury to people and environment could be reduced as little as possible. Shellac is one such environmental friendly coating based on natural product. Shellac was prepared by using aliphatic diamine as a crosslinking agent and ethanol as a solvent. Experimental procedure as reported in (Jinwei Wang, Lei Chen, Yedong He) 2 is that 30 ml purified shellac in ethanol solution (10%wt.) was poured into a flask with mechanic siring. When the solution temperature reached 50 à ¢- ¦C, 1,3-propanediamine (5%wt.of shellac) was dropped into the flask in 30 min followed by continuously stirring for another 1 h. The modified shellac could be obtained as a yellowbrown solution which c ould be used directly or deep brown powder by evaporating the ethanol at 45 à ¢- ¦C under vacuum. Natural Shellac was modified with 1,3-propanediamine by using Ethyl alcohol functioning as a solvent. When compared this modified shellac to the usual shellac, it was observed that the anticorrosive performances of the modified shellac on copper was greatly improved. These betterments were said to have occurred due to the establishment of network structure and the origination of hydrophobic propane chain in the shellac structure, and hence reducing the penetration speed of ionics and water onto the surface of copper. Other organic diamine such as, ethylene diamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, etc. can also be used for similar modification. Depending on the chain lengths of these aliphatic groups, we might have different effect on the protective performance of the modified shellac. 3. Conclusion Thus, considering the various limitations of Shellac like pH sensitivity, limited solubility, less stability, etc we can employ the modifications described in the above section. Modifications can include blending with another polymer to form a biocompatible polymer, or crosslinking. It can also be done by converting Shellac to some other material, as in this case, Maleated Shellac. Such modifications are of great importance which will result in better heat resistance, gloss, hardness, water resistance, etc. and overcoming of limitations of Shellac, which is a vital component in the field of biopolymer. References Sitthiphong Soradech, Jurairat Nunthanid, Sontaya Limmatvapirat, Manee Luangtana-anan (2011) â€Å"An approach for the enhancement of the mechanical properties and film coating efficiency of shellac by the formation of composite films based on shellac and gelatin† Journal of Food Engineering 108 (2012) 94–102 Jinwei Wang , Lei Chen, Yedong He (2008) â€Å"Preparation of environmental friendly coatings based on natural shellac modified by diamine and its applications for copper protection† Progress in Organic Coatings 62 (2008) 307–312 Jennifer T. Otto, David L. Trumbo (2010) â€Å"A shellac derivative in thermoset coatings† J. Coat. Technol. Res., 7 (4) 525–527, 2010 Melissa Gurgel Adeodato Vieira, Mariana Altenhofen da Silva, Lucielen Oliveira dos Santos, Marisa Masumi Beppu (2010) â€Å"Natural-based plasticizers and biopolymer films: A review† European Polymer Journal 47 (2011) 254–263 Eva-Lena Hult, Marco Iotti, Marianne Lenes (2010) â€Å"Efficient approach to high barrier packaging using microfibrillar cellulose and shellac† Cellulose (2010) 17:575–586 Syverud K, Stenius P (2009) Strength and barrier properties of microfibrillar cellulose (MFC) films. Cellulose 16(1):75–85 Phan The D, Debeaufort F, Luu D, Voilley A (2008) Moisture barrier, wetting and mechanical properties of shellac/agar or shellac/cassava starch bilayer bio-membrane for food applications. J Membr Sci 325:277–283 Sonja Berg, Manuela Bretz, Eva Maria Hubbermann, Karin Schwarz (2011) â€Å"Influence of different pectins on powder characteristics of microencapsulated anthocyanins and their impact on drug retention of shellac coated granulate† Journal of Food Engineering 108 (2012) 158–165 Krause, K.P., Mà ¼ller, R.H., (2001) â€Å"Production of aqueous shellac dispersions by high pressure homogenisation†. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 223 (1–2), 89–92 S. K. Sharma, S. K. Shukla, D. N. Vaid (1983) â€Å"Shellac-Structure, Characteristics Modification† Def Sci J, yo] 33, No.3, July 1983, pp 261-271 Clemens, RJ, Rector, FD (1989) ‘‘Synthesis of Acetoacetyl—Functional Resins.’’ J. Coat. Technol., 61 770 Hasmukh S. Patel and Sumeet J. Patel (2010) â€Å"Novel Surface Coating System Based on Maleated Shellac† E-Journal of Chemistry 2010, 7(S1), S55-S60 D. N. Goswami and S. Kumar (1984) â€Å"Study on the Curing of Shellac with Epoxy Resins by Dielectric Measurements† Die Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 126 (1984) 145 152 (Nr. 1992) S. K. M. Tripathi, S. Kumar, G. S. Misra, Indian J. Technol. 4 (1966) 15 R. K. Dey, G. S. Tiwary, Tanushree Patnaik, Usha Jha (2012) â€Å"Shellac-Polyamidoamine: Design of a New Polymeric Carrier Material for Controlled Release Application† Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 125, 2626–2635 (2012)

PSY 301, Introductory Psychology, 2002, Exam 2 :: UTEXAS Texas Psychology

Introductory Psychology Pennebaker – October 16, 2002 Write your name and social security number on this page and also on your Scantron. Be sure to blacken in the FORM letter on the Scantron as well. 1 Which of the following is FALSE about Stage 4 sleep? A) It is the stage in which most dreams occur B) If deprived of it, individuals become exhausted and disoriented C) It is blocked by alcohol and sleeping pills D) It is marked by low amounts of eye movement E) It is not necessary every night 2 The night before his exam, Jerry was unable to sleep for more than one hour before waking-up. Which of the following best characterizes Jerry’s difficulty falling asleep? A) Sleep apnea B) Narcolepsy C) Insomnia D) Circadian rhythm E) Night terrors 3 Classical conditioning is to operant conditioning, as __________ is to __________? A) passive, active B) passive, unconditioned response C) emotional thoughts, logical emotions D) Pavlov, Freud E) conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response 4 Bill is trying to figure out the best way to increase the productivity of his workers.